Pediatric dermatology and reconstructive surgery for childhood burns: multidisciplinary approach to treatment and rehabilitation

Abstract

Introduction: Pediatric burns are common and serious injuries that require specialized medical care due to the vulnerability of children's skin. Reconstructive surgery plays a crucial role in treatment, with the aim of restoring skin function and appearance, as well as preventing complications. Treatment involves advanced techniques for wound closure, skin exercises, and specific postoperative care. The integration of a multidisciplinary medical team, including surgeons, dermatologists, and physiotherapists, is essential to optimize the recovery and rehabilitation of affected children, ensuring both physical and functional recovery. Objective: To conduct a literature review with the purpose of identifying and clarifying the main multidisciplinary approaches used in the treatment and rehabilitation of pediatric burns in pediatric dermatology, with an emphasis on reconstructive surgeries, analyzing their evolution, most commonly used techniques, and impact on patients' quality of life. Methodology: Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCs) were used to search for articles related to techniques, management, and types of multidisciplinary approach in the treatment and rehabilitation of pediatric burns, with a focus on pediatric dermatology and reconstructive surgeries. The research was conducted in several scientific databases, such as Google Scholar, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), SciELO, National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and EbscoHost, prioritizing relevant and recent studies that address the evolution of therapeutic and surgical techniques and their impact on the recovery of pediatric patients. Conclusion: The multidisciplinary approach in the treatment and rehabilitation of pediatric burns plays an essential role in the comprehensive recovery of patients. The integration of pediatric dermatology, advanced reconstructive surgery techniques and psychosocial support promotes significant clinical results, reducing physical and emotional sequelae. The evolution of surgical techniques and the personalization of treatments contribute to a better quality of life for affected children, highlighting the importance of specialized teams and continuous studies to improve these practices.