Pathogenic and clinical aspects of portal hypertensive gastropathy

Abstract

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is a complication of portal hypertension syndrome, characterized by microscopic changes in gastric mucosa related to dilation of blood vessels in the gastric mucosa and submucosa, without significant histological inflammation. This study aims to review the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of PHG. A literature review was conducted, searching databases for articles relevant to the topic. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were included, excluding theses, dissertations, and duplicates. Results and discussions reveal that the pathogenesis of PHG involves congestion, hyperemia, mucosal ischemia, and inflammation, with increased risk associated with endoscopic sclerotherapy. Clinically, PHG may be asymptomatic or cause chronic and acute bleeding. Regular endoscopic evaluation is essential to monitor progression and complications. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of a deep understanding of PHG to implement effective management strategies and improve clinical outcomes in patients with portal hypertension.