Incidence of hospitalizations for childhood asthma: overview from 2019 to 2023

Abstract

This article investigates the incidence of hospitalizations for childhood asthma in Brazil from 2019 to 2023, focusing on trends and correlations with demographic and clinical variables to support more efficient public health policies. Childhood asthma is a common chronic condition characterized by airway inflammation and episodes of airflow obstruction, often resulting in hospitalizations. The study aims to understand how genetic and environmental factors, such as exposure to allergens and pollutants, influence these hospitalizations. The methodology used was a quantitative and retrospective epidemiological analysis, using data from the SUS Hospital Information System. Hospitalizations of children diagnosed with asthma were analyzed, considering variables such as geographic region, age group, sex, and race/color. Descriptive statistics techniques were used to create tables and graphs that illustrate the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations. The results indicate that the Southeast region of Brazil has the highest incidence of hospitalizations, with a notable prevalence among children aged 1 to 4 years. The study highlights that boys and children of mixed color are disproportionately affected, which suggests the influence of biological, socioeconomic and access to healthcare factors on hospitalizations. The need for health policies that improve access to preventive care and effective management of asthma is emphasized, aiming to reduce hospitalizations and improve the quality of life of affected children. The observed disparities reinforce the importance of addressing social determinants of health to effectively combat childhood asthma.