Autism Spectrum Disorder: from the perspective of the clinical approach

Abstract

This article addresses the clinical management of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a neurological condition evidenced in the first years of life through challenges in social communication and repetitive behaviors. The need for early and personalized interventions to improve the quality of life of those affected is highlighted. Using a systematic review of the literature in databases such as PubMed, MedlinePlus, SciELO, and Google Scholar, this study focuses on the complexity of genetic and environmental risk factors for ASD and the importance of diagnosis in early stages, taking advantage of significant periods of neuroplasticity to intervention. Challenges in Brazil, such as the lack of validated diagnostic instruments and delays in diagnosis, compromise effective treatment, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach that includes educators, psychologists and neuropsychopedagogues for holistic management. The research highlights the urgency in improving diagnostic and treatment practices, recommending robust public policies and continued development of resources to address these barriers and ensure a promising future for individuals with ASD and their families.