Polycystic ovarian syndrome, insulin resistance and therapeutic possibilities: a literature review

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition affecting women of childbearing age and is associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and menstrual disorders. This study aimed to review the existing literature on therapeutic alternatives for insulin resistance in women with PCOS. The review was performed by searching the PUBMED database, using specific descriptors and selecting relevant articles published in the last five years. Different therapeutic approaches were identified and proven, including the use of inositol, acupuncture, medicinal herbs, and GLP-1 agonists. Metformin has been highlighted as a standard treatment due to its efficacy in improving insulin resistance and PCOS symptoms. However, adverse effects are driving the search for alternatives. Inositol has shown promising results in menstrual regulation and reduction of hyperandrogenism, but more evidence is needed. Acupuncture and herbal medicine have shown mixed results, and GLP-1 agonists, including liraglutide, have been shown to be effective but with considerable adverse effects. The need for new therapeutic approaches to improve the management of PCOS and insulin resistance is evident.