Viral x Bacterial Conjunctivitis: how to differentiate clinically and treatment strategies

Abstract

This study addresses conjunctivitis, an inflammation of the conjunctival tissue that is common in medical consultations and places a significant burden on healthcare systems. Conjunctivitis can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, making it crucial to differentiate between these etiologies for appropriate treatment and to prevent complications. The methodology involved a systematic review of studies published over the past 10 years, focusing on clinical differences and therapeutic approaches. The studies analyzed discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of bacterial and viral conjunctivitis. The results reveal that clinical signs such as the type of discharge are not reliable predictors of etiology, complicating accurate diagnosis. The discussion highlights the importance of developing more precise and personalized diagnostic tools, as well as adopting safer prescription practices to avoid the inappropriate use of antibiotics, particularly in light of rising antimicrobial resistance. The conclusion emphasizes the need for further research to improve the management of conjunctivitis, tailoring treatment to specific etiologies to optimize clinical outcomes and prevent complications.