Renal Vein Thrombosis: a comprehensive review of clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects

Abstract

Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is a rare and potentially severe condition that can lead to significant complications, such as renal failure and pulmonary embolism. This literature review addresses the epidemiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis, and treatment of RVT, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis to prevent adverse outcomes. RVT is more common in neonates and patients with nephrotic syndrome, although it can occur at any age, often associated with hypercoagulable states, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Management includes anticoagulation, thrombolytic therapies in acute cases, and nephrectomy in extreme situations. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, RVT remains underdiagnosed, highlighting the need for greater clinical vigilance and further studies to improve management guidelines.