Comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological profile after cataract surgery

Abstract

This study addresses the impact of cataract surgery on the quality of life and vision of patients, especially elderly people, highlighting the surgery as one of the most performed globally and a significant cause of reducing blindness. The objective is to explore how demographic and clinical factors influence postoperative outcomes, aiming to improve health policies and future interventions. Using a literature review in databases such as PubMed and SciELO, the research identified notable improvements in visual acuity resulting from advances in surgical techniques such as phacoemulsification and the use of lasers. The majority of patients, generally elderly people with comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension, showed visual improvement that positively impacted their independence and reduced accidents. However, disparities in access to treatment stood out, especially in less developed areas due to a lack of infrastructure and specialists. The study concludes that cataract surgery is transformative, substantially improving patients' lives. The need for inclusive health policies and the promotion of telemedicine is emphasized to overcome geographic and infrastructural barriers, ensuring that all patients have access to quality care. Continuous education and awareness programs about cataracts are also crucial to optimizing outcomes and preventing cataract incidence by adapting medical practices to the needs of patients globally.