Kernicterus: key aspects of the disease

Abstract

Kernicterus is a severe neurological condition resulting from the excessive accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the central nervous system, typically caused by inadequately treated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. This condition, associated with toxic levels of bilirubin, can cause irreversible brain damage and lead to serious neurological deficits, such as cerebral palsy, hearing problems, and motor and cognitive disorders. Early detection and appropriate treatment of neonatal jaundice are crucial for preventing kernicterus. Therapeutic approaches include phototherapy and, in more severe cases, exchange transfusion. Additionally, educating parents and healthcare professionals and implementing public policies to ensure universal access to neonatal care are essential to reducing the incidence of the condition. Understanding the pathological mechanisms, along with improving monitoring and treatment practices, is crucial for minimizing the devastating impacts of kernicterus and promoting better outcomes for newborns.