Adverse reactions associated with the use of semaglutide (Ozempic) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro)

Abstract

Obesity is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions of the 21st century, representing a major challenge to public health. Its rise is linked to unbalanced diets, physical inactivity, and the consumption of ultra-processed foods. Beyond affecting physical health, it also undermines psychological well-being, being associated with depression and anxiety. In treatment, medications such as semaglutide (Ozempic) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro), from the class of GLP-1 receptor agonists, stand out for their role in glucose regulation and weight reduction. This study analyzes the adverse effects related to the use of semaglutide and tirzepatide in obesity management, highlighting both benefits and risks. The adopted methodology was a qualitative narrative literature review, based on research published between 2021 and 2025 in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Findings indicate that both drugs are effective for weight loss and glycemic control. However, they are associated with adverse effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances, hypoglycemia, and na increased risk of pancreatitis. Rapid weight loss may also contribute to gallstone formation. Therefore, although effective, semaglutide and tirzepatide require close monitoring by healthcare professionals. Obesity treatment should be integrated, involving lifestyle changes, continuous monitoring, and multidisciplinary support to ensure safe and lasting outcomes.