Main management strategies in the treatment of BS (ischemic and hemorrhagic)

Abstract

Strokes (BS) are the second leading cause of global mortality and the leading cause of permanent disability. Ischemic stroke is caused by obstruction of cerebral blood flow, while hemorrhagic stroke results from rupture of blood vessels. Both can lead to death or permanent neurological sequelae, with symptoms such as ataxia, hemiparesis, paresthesia, blurred vision, facial paralysis, aphasia and dysarthria. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment methods including thrombolysis and thrombectomy for ischemic stroke, and hemorrhage control and neurosurgical interventions for hemorrhagic stroke. Computed tomography (CT) is crucial to differentiate between types of stroke. The socioeconomic repercussions of strokes are significant, increasing medical care costs and causing loss of productivity. Effective public policies are essential for prevention and treatment. This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines, analyzing studies from the last 10 years in the PubMed and LILACS databases, focusing on stroke treatment and rehabilitation. Studies with humans, of both sexes, in Portuguese, English and Spanish were included, and articles older than 10 years or not directly related to stroke management were excluded. The initial search resulted in 240 articles, of which 15 were analyzed after rigorous screening, providing a comprehensive overview of stroke management strategies, from early intervention to long-term therapies and rehabilitation.