Protocol for care of the polytrauma patient: emergency and urgency strategies for mortality reduction

Abstract

Trauma is one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, and polytrauma, with multiple injuries affecting different regions of the body, requires specialized care. The initial approach should prioritize stabilizing vital functions, using well-defined protocols such as ATLS and PHTLS, which have proven effective in reducing mortality and complications. In Brazil, challenges such as high demand and lack of resources make it essential to adapt protocols to the local reality. Integration between levels of care, from pre-hospital to hospital care, is crucial for improving outcomes. Care for polytrauma patients follows a sequential approach, focusing on evaluating airways, breathing, circulation, neurological status, and exposure. Pre-hospital care is crucial, with an emphasis on controlling hemorrhages and proper transportation. Continuous training of professionals and the use of monitoring technologies, such as imaging exams, contribute to the quality of care. Periodic training is essential for improving team efficiency. The review showed that structured protocols, such as ATLS and PHTLS, have a direct impact on reducing mortality. Technological advances, such as point-of-care ultrasonography and transfusion protocols, are also important. Integration between services enhances survival, but there are still challenges to be overcome.